Secondly, another key element is corporatism, that is the incorporation of workers and employers representives into the state as a means of overcoming the class struggle. But it would probably also match your definition (extremely corporatist, emperor as the leader, ultra-nationalist). Japan's regime in the '30s was an Axis power but is often not described as fascist (although it was authoritarian and far right, and worked with the Nazis). There were massive differences between Mussolini, Franco, Hitler, Salazar.Īlso if the thread had been entitled 'When/how does nationalism turn into far-right extremely nationalism' there'd be no reason to go on about definitions, but it'd be a useful question to ask.
Civic nationalism gay pride meme professional#
I agree that 'far right extreme nationalism' and 'fascism' aren't identical, but also I wish people would accept that different people (including professional scholars of fascism) have different definitions. And how 'changing personnel' often led to ethno-nationalism turned against either inter-African immigrants or different ethnicities within the old colonial state. One thing that's been bothering me for a while is that while anti-state communists are generally very consistent opposing nationalism, I don't feel like there's enough work done on analysing it (which can make attempts to oppose it ineffective and lack nuance).įanon's Wretched of the Earth has a chapter 'The pitfalls of national consciousness' which shows the transition from a 'progressive' nationalism to ethno-nationalism - in the context of the failure of anti-colonial movements to actually smash the colonial state and capitalism vs. Then there is nationalism turned internally as ethno-nationalism - Yugoslavia, Nazi Germany etc. the concentration camps in the Herero/Nama massacre by Germany, Britain doing similar in the Boer war, Belgium in the Congo, Jim Crow and the KKK in the US all preceded the rise of classical fascism and were inspirations for it).Īnd it's not as if fascist states weren't imperialist - Mussolini invaded Ethiopia in the '20s (and the USSR kept exporting oil to Italy during the war). There's also Cesaire's conception of fascism as “colonialist procedures… applied to Europe” (i.e. However pointing out this isn't classical fascism doesn't mean it wasn't fascistic - the UK used race scientists in Kenya in the mid '50s to 'diagnose' anti-colonial movements and devise torture techniques. Churchill from 1951 continued the Malayan emergency and presided over the State of Emergency in Kenya which included concentration camps and mass torture.
Obvious examples are Attlee's government presiding over the beginnings of the Malayan emergency, assisting French imperialism in Indonesia, and the massacre of striking Nigerian miners in Enogu as well as putting down mass strikes in Kenya. While these are two different things, they're also very strongly linked.īritish colonialism was executed by liberal, conservative and social democratic governments. There are (at least) two sides to extreme nationalism, there is it being expressed externally as imperialism, for example British colonialism, vs.